Scandinavia & the Nordics: A Guide to the Nordic Countries

A Quick Travel Guide to Sweden

Language:
The official language is Swedish, but English is widely spoken and understood throughout the country, making it easy for tourists to communicate.

Currency:
The currency in Sweden is the Swedish Krona (SEK).

Capital:
Stockholm is the capital and largest city in Sweden, as well as the home of the Royal Palace. It is built on 14 islands connected by bridges and offers a charming blend of historical sites, modern architecture, and a vibrant cultural scene.

Climate:
Sweden has a temperate climate with mild summers and cold winters. Summers (June to August) are pleasant, while winter (December to February) can be quite cold, especially in the northern regions.

Best Time to Visit:
The best time to visit Sweden is during the summer months (June to August) when the weather is favorable, and outdoor activities are in full swing. However, winter is also a popular time to visit for those interested in experiencing a Nordic winter and the magical Northern Lights.

Notable Cities:
Aside from Stockholm, other notable cities to visit in Sweden include:

• Gothenburg: Known for its vibrant food scene, maritime heritage, and beautiful archipelago.

• Malmö: A modern and multicultural city with an impressive mix of old and new architecture (and my hometown!).

• Uppsala: Home to Sweden’s oldest university and a great Viking museum, Uppsala offers a rich cultural and historical experience.

Tourist Attractions:

• Gamla Stan: Explore Stockholm’s charming Old Town, with its narrow medieval streets, colorful buildings, and royal palace.

• Abisko National Park: Located in Swedish Lapland, it is the perfect spot to witness the mesmerizing Northern Lights.

• Gotland: Visit this stunning island with medieval architecture, sandy beaches, and idyllic countryside (I spent 2 years here and loved it!).

• Vasa Museum: Discover the well-preserved Vasa warship, which sank in Stockholm’s harbor in 1628 and was salvaged centuries later.

Food:
Swedish cuisine offers an array of delicious dishes, including iconic Swedish meatballs, sill (pickled herring), gravlax (cured salmon), and cinnamon/cardamon buns. Don’t forget to try traditional “delicacies” like surströmming (fermented herring) and smörgåstårta (“sandwich cake”).

Travel Tips:

• Sweden has an efficient public transportation system, including trains, buses, and ferries, making it convenient to explore the country.
• Cashless payments are widely accepted in Sweden, so carrying a credit card or relying on mobile payment apps is recommended.
• Swedes practice “allemansrätt,” which grants everyone the right to access and enjoy the natural landscapes. Respect nature and follow guidelines to preserve the environment.

A Quick Travel Guide to Norway

Language:
The official language is Norwegian, but English is widely spoken and understood throughout the country, making it easy for tourists to communicate.

Currency:
The currency in Norway is the Norwegian Krone (NOK).

Climate:
Norway experiences moderate winters and cool summers in coastal areas, while the inland areas can have considerably colder winters and hotter summers.

Best Time to Visit:
Summer (June – August) is the most popular time to visit due to warmer temperatures. Winter (November to March) is perfect for winter sports and viewing the Northern Lights.

Notable Cities:

1. Oslo: The capital city boasts of modern architecture, fascinating museums like the Viking Ship Museum and the Munch Museum, and vibrant nightlife.
2. Bergen: Known for the Bryggen Hanseatic Wharf, the Fløibanen funicular, and its close proximity to the fjords.
3. Tromsø: This city is great for viewing the Northern Lights and offers many winter activities.

Tourist Attractions:

1. Fjords: Norway is famous for fjords, including the Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord, which are UNESCO World Heritage sites.
2. Viking Museum: Gain insights into the Viking culture and history.
3. The Northern Lights: Tromsø is one of the best places in the world to witness the stunning Aurora Borealis.

Food:
You must try traditional Norwegian dishes like Rakfisk (fermented trout), Klippfisk (dried and salted cod), and Lutefisk (stockfish). Also, don’t miss out on tasting Brunost, a unique sweet brown cheese.

Travel Tips:

• The public transportation in Norway is excellent. The trains, buses, and boats are well-connected, making it easier to explore.

• Remember to respect the local culture and environment. Norway takes sustainability and nature conservation seriously, and it is expected that tourists do the same.

A Quick Travel Guide to Denmark

Language:
The official language is Danish. However, most Danes also speak English, especially in tourist areas.

Currency:
The currency in Denmark is the Danish Krone (DKK).

Capital:
Copenhagen is the capital and largest city in Denmark. It offers a mix of historical sites, innovative architecture, and a thriving culinary and cultural scene.

Climate:
Denmark has a temperate maritime climate with mild summers and cool winters. The weather can be unpredictable, so it’s recommended to pack layers and be prepared for occasional rain.

Best Time to Visit:
The best time to visit Denmark is during the summer months (June to August) when the weather is pleasant, and outdoor activities and festivals are in full swing. However, spring and autumn can also be delightful with fewer crowds.

Notable Cities:
In addition to Copenhagen, other notable cities to visit in Denmark include:

• Aarhus: Denmark’s second-largest city known for its vibrant arts and culture scene, museums, and stunning architecture.

• Odense: The birthplace of Hans Christian Andersen, this city offers a glimpse into Denmark’s history and fairy tale charm.

• Helsingør: Home to Kronborg Castle, the setting of Shakespeare’s famous play “Hamlet.”

Tourist Attractions:

• Tivoli Gardens: Located in the heart of Copenhagen, it is one of the world’s oldest amusement parks and offers a mix of rides, beautiful gardens, live entertainment, and delicious food.

• Nyhavn: This picturesque waterfront area in Copenhagen is lined with colorful 17th-century townhouses, bars, and restaurants, offering a lively and charming atmosphere.

• The Little Mermaid: One of Copenhagen’s most famous landmarks, the statue of the Little Mermaid sitting on a rock has become an iconic symbol of the city.

• Legoland Billund: Perfect for families, Legoland is a popular theme park in Denmark, featuring an array of impressive LEGO sculptures, rides, shows, and activities.

Food:
Danish cuisine is known for its open-faced sandwiches, smørrebrød, which are topped with a variety of ingredients and usually combined with a shot of aquavit. Other traditional dishes include frikadeller (Danish meatballs), stegt flæsk med persillesovs (pan-fried pork with parsley sauce), and æbleskiver (a type of Danish pancake).

Travel Tips:

• Denmark has a well-developed public transportation system, including trains and buses, making it easy to explore the country.

• Renting a bicycle is a popular way to get around in Denmark, as the country is relatively flat with many dedicated cycling paths.

• Keep in mind that Denmark can be quite expensive, so budget accordingly. However, there are also plenty of free attractions and activities to enjoy.

A Quick Travel Guide to Finland

Language:
The official languages are Finnish and Swedish. English is widely spoken throughout the country, especially in tourist areas.

Currency:
The currency in Finland is the Euro (EUR).

Capital:
Helsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is a vibrant cultural hub with a blend of modern and historical architecture.

Climate:
Finland experiences distinct seasonal changes. Summers are mild and pleasant, while winters can be cold with significant snowfall. The Arctic regions in the north have colder temperatures.

Best Time to Visit:
The best time to visit Finland depends on your interests. Summer (June to August) offers long daylight hours and pleasant weather, while winter (December to February) provides opportunities for winter sports and the chance to see the Northern Lights.

Notable Cities:
In addition to Helsinki, other notable cities to visit in Finland include:

1. Rovaniemi: Located right on the Arctic Circle, it is known as the official home of Santa Claus and offers winter activities, including sleigh rides, reindeer safaris, and ice fishing.
2. Turku: The former capital city of Finland, known for its historic landmarks, medieval castle, and vibrant riverfront.
3. Tampere: Finland’s third-largest city, offering a mix of cultural attractions, museums, and scenic lake views.

Tourist Attractions:

• Northern Lights: Head to Finnish Lapland for a chance to witness the breathtaking Northern Lights dancing across the night sky.

• Santa Claus Village: Visit Rovaniemi and step into the magical world of Santa Claus, where you can meet Santa himself and cross the Arctic Circle.

• Archipelago National Park: Explore the stunning archipelago off the southwestern coast of Finland, consisting of thousands of islands and islets, perfect for boating, kayaking, and fishing.

• Suomenlinna Sea Fortress: Located just off the coast of Helsinki, this UNESCO World Heritage site offers a glimpse into Finland’s history with its well-preserved fortress and picturesque surroundings.

Food:
Finnish cuisine is influenced by its Nordic neighbors, emphasizing fresh and local ingredients. Try traditional dishes like salmiakki (salty licorice), lihapiirakka (a meat and rice-filled pastry), reindeer meat, Karjalan piirakka (rice-filled rye pastry), and kalakukko (fish and pork-filled pastry).

Travel Tips:

• Finland has an excellent public transport system, including trains and buses, making it easy to explore the country.

• Sauna culture is an integral part of Finnish life. Don’t miss the chance to experience a traditional Finnish sauna, which is an essential part of Finnish culture and relaxation.

• Remember to pack appropriate clothing based on the season you’ll be visiting, including warm layers and waterproof gear.

• Finland’s nature is pristine and preserved, so help maintain its beauty by respecting the environment and following guidelines for responsible tourism.

A Quick Travel Guide to Iceland

Language:
The official language is Icelandic. However, English is widely spoken and understood, especially in tourist areas.

Currency:
The currency in Iceland is the Icelandic Króna (ISK).

Capital:
Reykjavik is the capital and largest city in Iceland. It offers a lively arts and music scene, colorful buildings, and a great selection of restaurants and cafes.

Climate:
Iceland’s climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream, resulting in cool summers and mild winters. The weather can be quite unpredictable, so it’s advisable to pack layers and be prepared for changes.

Best Time to Visit:
The best time to visit Iceland depends on your interests. Summer (June to August) offers longer days, milder temperatures, and the opportunity to explore the stunning Icelandic landscapes. Winter (December to February) is ideal for witnessing the magical Northern Lights and engaging in winter activities.

Notable Attractions:

• Golden Circle: Experience three iconic natural wonders – Þingvellir National Park, the Geysir geothermal area, and Gullfoss waterfall – all in one route.

• Blue Lagoon: Relax and rejuvenate in the famous geothermal spa with its mineral-rich, milky blue waters.

• Vatnajökull National Park: Home to Europe’s largest glacier, where you can hike, explore ice caves, and witness captivating ice formations.

• Seljalandsfoss and Skógafoss Waterfalls: These stunning waterfalls offer unique experiences, with the chance to walk behind Seljalandsfoss and see the rainbow at Skógafoss.

• Jökulsárlón Glacial Lagoon: Marvel at the floating icebergs in this picturesque glacial lagoon, where you can also take boat tours.

Food:
Don’t miss the opportunity to try traditional Icelandic cuisine, such as fresh seafood (including delicious Icelandic salmon and cod), Icelandic lamb, and their unique delicacy, fermented shark. Skyr, a traditional Icelandic yogurt, is also a must-try.

Travel Tips:

• Iceland’s Ring Road (Route 1) allows you to drive around the entire country, exploring its scenic landscapes. Renting a car is recommended for flexibility and convenience.

• Be aware of the unpredictable weather and carry appropriate clothing, including waterproof and warm layers.

• Iceland is known for its geothermal energy, which powers most of the buildings and hot water supply. Be mindful of conserving energy and being eco-friendly.

• Respecting nature is crucial in Iceland. Follow designated paths, avoid littering, and leave no trace of your visit.

A Quick Travel Guide to the Faroe Islands

Language:
The official language is Faroese. However, Danish is also widely spoken and understood by most Faroese people.

Currency:
The currency in the Faroe Islands is the Faroese króna, which is a local version of the Danish krone (DKK).

Capital:
Tórshavn is the capital and largest city in the Faroe Islands. It is known for its colorful houses, charming harbor, and lively cultural scene.

Climate:
The Faroe Islands have a maritime subpolar oceanic climate with cool summers and mild winters. The weather is highly changeable, so it’s advisable to pack layers and waterproof clothing. To illustrate this, during a May visit some years ago we experienced hail, snow, rain, and nice and sunny weather — all in the same afternoon.

Best Time to Visit:
The best time to visit the Faroe Islands is during the summer months (June to August) when the weather is milder, and the days are longer. However, the islands have their own unique charm in all seasons.

Notable Attractions:

• Sørvágsvatn (Leitisvatn): A stunning lake located on Vágar Island, famous for its optical illusion that makes it appear as if the lake is hovering above the ocean.

• Mykines: This remote island is a bird lover’s paradise, inhabited by puffins, razorbills, and other seabirds. It is also home to a picturesque lighthouse and breathtaking cliffs.

• Gásadalur: A village situated amidst striking landscapes with a picturesque waterfall, Múlafossur, and stunning coastal views. It was once one of the most isolated villages in the Faroe Islands.

• Skansin: A historic fort located in Tórshavn offering panoramic views of the city and the harbor.

• Kirkjubøur: A historic village with well-preserved medieval ruins, including the ruins of an ancient cathedral and the oldest still-inhabited wooden house in the world, Kirkjubøargarður.

Food:
Try the traditional Faroese cuisine, including dishes like ræst kjøt (smoked and fermented lamb), skerpikjøt (dried mutton), and Faroese fish delicacies like salted or dried fish. Faroese cuisine is often centered around locally sourced and sustainable ingredients.

Travel Tips:

• Public transportation in the Faroe Islands is limited, so renting a car is recommended to explore the islands at your own pace.

• Make sure to plan out your meals, as there are not that many restaurants and stores around. And if you do find one, chances are it’s closed (speaking from experience here!).

• Be prepared for unpredictable weather and changes in road conditions. Always check the weather forecast and road conditions before venturing out.

• Respect the local nature and wildlife by following designated paths and trails, and avoid disturbing bird colonies. The islands have a strong conservation focus, and it’s essential to do your part in preserving their natural beauty.

• Keep in mind that the Faroe Islands are a remote destination, and some facilities may have limited opening hours, especially in more rural areas.

A Quick Travel Guide to Greenland

Language:
The official languages are Greenlandic and Danish. English is also widely spoken and understood, particularly in tourist areas.

Currency:
The currency in Greenland is the Danish Krone (DKK).

Capital:
Nuuk is the capital and largest city in Greenland. It serves as the administrative, cultural, and economic hub of the island.

Climate:
Greenland has an Arctic climate, characterized by long, cold winters and cool, short summers. Temperatures vary across different regions, with coastal areas being milder than the inland regions.

Best Time to Visit:
The summer months from June to August offer the most comfortable temperatures and extended daylight hours, making it the best time to explore Greenland’s unique landscapes.

Notable Attractions:

• Ilulissat Icefjord: Located on the west coast, it is a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its immense icebergs, calving glaciers, and breathtaking scenery.

• Eastern Settlement: Visit this historic site, the remains of the first Norse settlements in Greenland, dating back to the 10th century.

• Disko Island: Explore this picturesque island with its stunning volcanic landscapes, hot springs, and vibrant wildlife, including whales and seals.

• Greenland National Park: Covering a vast area of Northeast Greenland, it is the largest national park in the world. Experience raw nature, glaciers, and wildlife, including polar bears and musk oxen.

Food:
Traditional Greenlandic cuisine includes various seafood like fish, shrimp, and whale meat. Other specialties include mattak (whale skin and blubber) and kiviak (fermented seabird).

Travel Tips:

• Greenland is best explored through organized tours, as the terrain and weather conditions can be challenging.

• Pack warm and waterproof clothing, as the weather in Greenland can be unpredictable, even in summer.

• Respect the local culture and nature by following guidelines and instructions given by tour guides and authorities.

• Observe wildlife from a safe distance and avoid disturbing their natural behavior or habitats.

A Quick Travel Guide to Åland

Language:
The official languages are Swedish and Finnish. However, Swedish is the predominant language spoken on the islands.

Currency:
The currency used in the Åland Islands is the Euro (EUR).

Capital:
Mariehamn is the capital and largest town in the Åland Islands, known for its picturesque waterfront, maritime history, and charming architecture.

Climate:
The Åland Islands experience a mild maritime climate, with cool summers and relatively mild winters due to the moderating effects of the Baltic Sea. Summer is the most popular time to visit, with pleasant temperatures and long daylight hours.

Best Time to Visit:
The best time to visit the Åland Islands is during the summer months (June to August) when the weather is at its warmest and daylight hours are long. This is an ideal time for outdoor activities and exploring the archipelago.

Notable Attractions:

• Maritime Museum, Mariehamn: Discover the rich maritime history of the Åland Islands in this museum, showcasing fascinating exhibits and ship models.

• Kastelholm Castle: Explore this medieval castle located on the main island, offering a glimpse into the region’s history and providing stunning views from its tower.

• Archipelago Trail: Drive, bike, or hike along the scenic Archipelago Trail, a 250-kilometer route that winds through Åland’s picturesque landscapes and charming coastal villages.

• Långnäs Village: This small village is a popular starting point for exploring the eastern islands, with beautiful nature, picturesque cottages, and opportunities for fishing and boating.

Food:
The local flavors of Åland revolve around fresh seafood such as Baltic herring, salmon, and smoked fish. Don’t miss the opportunity to try Åland pancakes, a traditional dessert served with cloudberries and whipped cream.

Travel Tips:

• The Åland Islands are accessible by ferry or by air. Ferries operate from mainland Finland and Sweden.

• Renting a bike or a car is a great way to explore the islands at your own pace. It allows you to visit remote areas and experience the natural beauty of the archipelago.

• Keep in mind that the Åland Islands have their own autonomous status within Finland, and they maintain their own rules for governance and taxation.

• Respect the pristine nature of the islands by following hiking and camping guidelines, and dispose of waste responsibly.